Sarah Abu Lebdeh, 26, is facing three charges: threatening violence to a group, using a carriage service to threaten to kill, and using a carriage service to harass or cause offence.

Ms Abu Lebdeh and another man were both suspended from their duties at Bankstown Hospital after the video – filmed on an anonymous online platform which pairs people randomly for a chat – was released online.

Authorities say there is “no evidence” the pair actually harmed patients.

In the footage, which appeared to have been filmed inside a hospital and was published by an Israeli content creator, Ms Abu Lebdeh and Ahmad Rashad Nadir allegedly bragged about refusing to treat Israeli patients, killing them, and said they would go to hell.

The video spread widely online and caused public outcry, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese describing it as “disgusting” and “vile”.

New South Wales Police Commissioner Karen Webb said the charges are a significant breakthrough in what has been a complicated investigation as it involves an overseas witness.

“Detectives must be commended for acting swiftly under enormous pressure and public expectation,” she said.

Ms Abu Lebdeh was granted bail – although she is banned from social media and from leaving the country – and will return to court on 19 March.

Mr Nadir is receiving medical treatment and has not been charged but is still under investigation, NSW Police said.

Earlier this month Australia passed tougher laws against hate crimes following a wave of unrelated antisemitic attacks.

In recent months, there have been a several of arson and graffiti incidents involving homes, cars, and synagogues in Jewish communities across Australia.

A caravan packed with power gel explosives that police warned had the potential to cause a “mass casualty event” was found in New South Wales in January, alongside a document with antisemitic sentiments and a list of Jewish targets in Sydney.

The man and woman – both employees at a Sydney hospital – are now being investigated by police, officials in New South Wales (NSW) said.

State Health Minister Ryan Park said that a “thorough investigation” would be carried out to make sure there had been “no adverse [patient] outcomes”, but that a “rapid” examination of hospital records had not turned up anything unusual.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese condemned the video as “sickening and shameful” after it began circulating online.

It comes less than a week after Australia passed tougher laws against hate crimes following a wave of high-profile antisemitic attacks.

On Wednesday, NSW Police said that they believed they had “identified the individuals involved” in the video.

The health minister said both had been stood down immediately, and promised that they would never work in the NSW healthcare system again.

The video was shared on TikTok by content creator Max Veifer, who says he is from Israel.

His account features conversations with people he encounters on the app Chatruletka – an anonymous online platform which pairs people randomly for a video chat.

The footage, seen by the BBC, appears to have been recorded in a hospital.

A man, who claims to be a doctor, tells Mr Veifer that he “has beautiful eyes” but adds “I’m sorry you’re Israeli” before saying he sends Israelis to Jahannam – an Islamic place akin to hell.

He goes on to make a throat-slitting gesture, before a woman comes on screen and says that “one day” Mr Veifer’s “time will come” and that he will die, later adding that she won’t treat Israelis.

“I won’t treat them, I will kill them,” she says.

The video has been edited, emojis have been added, and some comments have been bleeped out – but authorities are not questioning its authenticity.

Albanese described it as “disgusting” and “vile”, writing on X: “These antisemitic comments, driven by hate, have no place in our health system and no place anywhere in Australia.

“Individuals found to have committed criminal antisemitic acts will face the full force of our laws.”

Park also apologised to the Jewish community, and said he wanted to reassure them that they could still expect “first class” health care in NSW.

“There is no place in our hospital and health system for this sort of view to ever, ever take place. There is no place for this sort of perspective in our society.”

He added that staff at the hospital in the suburb of Bankstown were embarrassed and ashamed, but said it did not diminish the good work they did.

In recent months, in incidents unconnected to the hospital video, there have been a series of arson and graffiti attacks involving homes, cars, and synagogues in Jewish areas across Australia, causing fear in the community.

A caravan packed with power gel explosives that police warned had the potential to cause a “mass casualty event” was found in NSW in January, alongside a document with antisemitic sentiments and a list of Jewish targets in Sydney.

The co-chief executive of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry Alex Ryvchin said the video served as a “warning sign once again to all Australians about the evil that exists in our midst”.

The explosives could have caused a 40-metre-wide blast and “significant damage,” police said on Wednesday, adding that the threat was contained.

A note was found in the caravan that displayed antisemitic messages, investigators said.

“This is the discovery of a potential mass casualty event,” New South Wales Premier Chris Minns said.

New South Wales Police Deputy Commissioner David Hudson told a news conference that the caravan was discovered on 19 January in Dural, a suburb of north-west Sydney.

The investigation became public on Wednesday after details of it were leaked to the media.

There was “some indication that the explosives might be used in some form of antisemitic attack,” Mr Hudson said, but he wouldn’t be drawn on the possible target.

He said officers had “mitigated the risk as much as possible” but stressed: “I’m not saying it’s been eliminated. I’m saying it’s been mitigated.”

“That’s one of the reasons we’re talking today, for members of the public to be vigilant in relation to what they see and what they hear in relation to antisemitism in our community.”

An investigation involving the Australian Federal Police has been launched.

Premier Chris Minns described the incident as “terrorism”.

“This would strike terror into the community, particularly the Jewish community, and it must be met with the full resources of the government.”

It has not yet been designated a terrorist incident, the premier confirmed.

The discovery follows a spate of antisemitic attacks in Australia in recent months.

In December, worshippers were forced to flee as Melbourne’s Adass Israel synagogue was set on fire.

Earlier this month, a childcare centre in Sydney was set alight and sprayed with antisemitic graffiti.

There has been a spate of such incidents in recent months, the latest of which saw a childcare centre in Sydney set alight and sprayed with anti-Jewish graffiti. No-one was injured.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese called a snap cabinet meeting in response, where officials agreed to set up a national database to track antisemitic incidents.

Thus far, the federal police taskforce, set up in December to investigate such incidents, received more than 166 reports of antisemitic crimes.

“We are looking into whether overseas actors or individuals have paid local criminals in Australia to carry out some of these crimes in our suburbs,” Australian Federal Police (AFP) Commissioner Reece Kershaw said, adding that it was possible that cryptocurrency was involved.

The digital currency can take longer to identify, Mr Kershaw said.

The commissioner said police were also investigating whether young people were carrying out these crimes and whether they had been radicalised online.

However, Mr Kershaw cautioned, “intelligence is not the same as evidence” and more charges were expected soon.

Last week, a man from Sydney became the first person to be charged by the federal taskforce, dubbed Special Operation Avalite, over alleged death threats he made towards a Jewish organisation.

Albanese said Tuesday’s incident at a childcare centre in the eastern Sydney suburb of Maroubra was “as cowardly as it is disgusting” and described it as a “hate crime”.

“This was an attack targeted at the Jewish community. And it is a crime that concerns us all because it is also an attack on the nation and society we have built together,” he wrote on social media.

The Jewish Council of Australia, which was set up last year in opposition to antisemitism, said that it “strongly condemns” this and all such incidents.

“These acts underscore the urgent need for cooperation, education and community dialogue to combat prejudice and promote understanding,” it said in a statement.

Most of the recent incidents have taken place in Sydney and have involved antisemitic graffiti, arson and vandalism of buildings including synagogues.

New South Wales has set up its own state-level taskforce to address these incidents and 36 people been charged so far with antisemtic related offences.

A further 70 arrests have been made for similar crimes in the neighbouring state of Victoria, where a synagogue was set on fire last month

The incident has been condemned by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese as a “hate crime”. He told ABC News: “There’s no place for antisemitism in this country, or anywhere for that matter.”

It comes days after a fire engulfed a synagogue in Melbourne, causing minor injuries to one man, in what police there are treating as a probable terror attack.

Authorities in Sydney said they were seeking two people aged between 15 and 20 over the vandalism incident.

The pair had been wearing “face coverings and dark clothing” and were seen running from the scene, New South Wales Police said.

“We need public assistance to come forward and help identify those two people,” Commissioner Karen Webb told reporters.

Police said the car blaze was extinguished shortly after firefighters were called to the scene in Woollahra, a suburb in Sydney’s east, at around 01:00 local time (14:00 GMT).

Anti-Israel messages, including “Kill Israiel” [sic], were found at the scene, scrawled on the fence of two properties and cars.

The vehicle that was set on fire had been driven to the scene by the suspects, police said.Albanese said he had spoken to the Australian Federal Police (AFP) about the vandalism.

Earlier this week, the law enforcement body established a special taskforce to investigate incidents of antisemitism, including the alleged terror attack in Melbourne, and another vandalism spree that occurred in Woollahra last month. Police do not believe the two incidents in Woollahra are linked.New South Wales Premier Chris Minns said the latest incident appeared to have been “specifically designed” to “intimidate the Jewish community in Sydney”.

“If the question is can we do more? I think the answer is yes, and I’m not closing the door to changes to the law,” he told reporters, adding that he had spoken with Israel’s Ambassador to Australia Amir Maimon.

The president of the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies, David Ossip, said his community was “deeply saddened” by what had happened, but that they would “not be cowed”.

After a meeting with Australian Federal Police and domestic spy agency Asio, the state police force said additional “intelligence” had led them to conclude the incident should be treated as a probable terror attack.Commissioner Shane Patton said police had no information before the fire to suggest an arson attack was imminent.He declined to provide any further details on the investigation while it continued.Mr Patton’s declaration came a day after Prime Minister Anthony Albanese described the incident as “quite clearly terrorism” while acknowledging police were still to make up their minds. He called his description a “personal view”.On Monday, state Premier Jacinta Allan said the terror designation meant police would now have extra resources for their investigation.Jewish community leaders have said they believe the attack is an escalation of a recent documented increase in antisemitism in Australia, and that it has heightened fears of violence.A few worshippers were inside the building at the time of the fire, and have described hearing banging and seeing a window smash, before liquids were thrown inside and lit on fire.”The whole thing took off pretty quickly,” synagogue board member Benjamin Klein, who spoke to witnesses, told The Age newspaper.After officers at the scene were confronted by angry and scared worshippers on Friday, Mr Patton said police were focused on ensuring their safety.”We have… extra police officers deployed in those areas where there are high numbers of Jewish persons living and congregating,” he said.Allan also called for the city to rally behind its Jewish communities.”We cannot let this conflict overseas continue to be a cloak for behaviour like [this].”Albanese also on Monday announced a new federal strikeforce to investigate incidents of antisemitism.The prime minister said a special response was needed to combat the rising threat, pointing to two other recent incidents – the vandalism of a Jewish MP’s office and an attack in Sydney in which a car was torched and buildings graffitied.

Firefighters were called to Melbourne’s Adass Israel synagogue just after 04:00 local time on Friday (17:00 GMT Thursday), finding the building fully ablaze when they arrived.

Community leaders have told local media that “a few people” were inside at the time for morning prayers, and they reported seeing firebombs thrown. One person was injured and the fire caused extensive damage.

Police say that they believe the fire was deliberately lit but are keeping an “open mind” on a motive.

In a statement, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the incident in Ripponlea, in the city’s south-east, was “clearly aimed at creating fear in the community”.

“This violence and intimidation and destruction at a place of worship is an outrage,” he wrote.

“I have zero tolerance for antisemitism.”He added that he had been briefed by the Australian Federal Police, who would provide support to authorities in the state of Victoria.

“The people involved must be caught and face the full force of the law.”

Victoria Police said the exact cause of the fire had not yet been determined and an arson chemist would visit the site.

However Det Insp Chris Murray said a witness had told them two people in masks appeared to have spread accelerant inside the building.

He appealed for anyone who may have witnessed the incident, or who may have CCTV or dashcam footage from the local area, to contact police.

Synagogue board member Benjamin Klein told The Age newspaper that people inside “heard banging on the door and the window, and some liquids came through which were lit”.

“The whole thing took off pretty quickly,” he said.A man who was inside at the time, Yumi Friedman, added that a window had been smashed, sending “glass flying”.

Mr Friedman told reporters his hand was burned on a door knob when he tried to return to the synagogue to fight the blaze.

Det Insp Murray – who was confronted by an angry worshipper while updating the press – said police would be committing significant resources to the investigation and increasing patrols around the area.

“We’re going to do our best to make sure that they can return, as they should, to their local synagogues, doing what is absolutely Australian – that is to be able to worship without fear.”

Jewish community leaders have said they believe the attack is an escalation of a recent documented increase in antisemitism in Australia.

“None of the Jewish community is surprised. We’ve known this has been coming,” Executive Council of Australian Jewry president Daniel Aghion said.